Sunday 14 August 2016

When they Breed, You will Bleed

“If they breed, you will bleed” is a message you would see on a billboard, warning of the dangers posed by dengue in Sri Lanka. According to the WHO, two-fifths of the world’s population; are at risk of dengue fever, with an estimated 50 million infections annually around the globe. As Sri Lanka and a few other South Asian countries share the classification of “Category A country” by the WHO; the vector borne disease remains one of the leading causes of hospitalization and death among children. According to the Epidemiological Unit, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka; 25164 suspected dengue cases have been reported island wide for the year 2013 (Reported Oct 14th 2013). Of which 48.11% of patients were from the western province of the country, where the population density is the highest on the island.

The prevention campaign which aimed to curb the spread of this disease was initiated in early 2010.  From the implementation of the legal act (National Dengue Prevention Act), adjusting national management guidelines and the vast research employed into finding a biological control for the dengue mosquito; Sri Lanka has been rushing to purge the deadly virus off its grounds. The recent advances in entomology research founded a new species of mosquito in Sri Lanka, “Topomyia". It’s relevance to dengue is that in its larval stage; the Topomyia larvae would feed on the larvae of the genus Aedes. It is a hope that this discovery will help in the multi-pronged advance against the dengue menace.

Vector borne diseases have been plaguing the world since our inception on this planet. Dengue, Malaria, Filariasis and Yellow Fever, are emerging mosquito borne diseases. Their threat to human health remains detrimental in some parts of the globe more than others.  For example; In Sri Lanka, Dengue prevention campaigns sprouted overnight creating awareness and policies aimed at controlling the endemic. The National Dengue Prevention Act in particular caught my attention. It has been constantly implemented and the fact that fines and legal prosecution are now used as protocols for fending off the hemorrhagic fever is nauseating.

Considering that the vector mosquito breeds in pockets of clean stagnant water, the breeding grounds are bound to be more numerous in the low socioeconomic areas of the country. With terrible housing conditions, overcrowding and roofs that are barely kept together; a perfect environment for water collection is produced. Marginalizing individuals in this way is a mockery of any democratic governing body. It would make more sense to provide incentives e.g.; tax deductions, if the public health inspectors are satisfied.


I also wanted to touch on the fact that a new mosquito species has been found. With more research being funded into that topic; the intention I believe is to incorporate this new species of mosquito in the hopes that the Aedes mosquito will be kept at bay. My concern is that a new viral disease may emerge by simply introducing large numbers of this new organism in to the environment. Tipping the scales of a biological food chain is no simple safe task! Using Mother Nature’s own, to alter our surroundings for our own gain may amplify other dangers in the long run. Before such integration, thorough research must be carried out because if they breed. You never know of the dangers do you... 

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